上海交通大学附属第一人民医院血液科是医院重点学科之一，是一个集医疗、教学、科研全面发展的学科。学科由周柱教授于1985 年创建；历任科主任有周柱教授、王椿教授，现任行政科主任为宋献民教授。近20 年来，在几代血液科人的努力下，学科发展取得长足进步，形成了异基因造血干细胞移植治疗疑难恶性血液病的学科特色。 血液科是上海交通大学和南京医科大学硕士、博士学位授予点和博士后流动站、卫生部住院医师和血液专科医师规范化培训基地、中华骨髓库指定的造血干细胞采集中心和移植中心、台湾慈济骨髓库制定的移植中心、上海市医保局造血干细胞移植治疗定点单位。 血液科现已发展成为上海造血干细胞移植规模最大的移植中心。至2020年4月，拥有无菌移植病床共30张，南北两院总展开床位121张。1992 年在上海较早地开展了骨髓移植治疗血液病和实体肿瘤，包括自体和异基因移植；近年来还开展单倍体外周血造血干细胞移植拯救性治疗难治性白血病和老年白血病，形成了突出的学科特色。2019年，造血干细胞移植数量居上海第一，全国异基因移植排名前5名。 血液科目前共有医师21名，5名专职科研人员；其中正高职称5 人，副高职称7 人。博士学位16人，硕士学位9 人。承担上海交通大学医学院及南京医科大学教学工作，科室现有博士生导师2 名，硕士生导师2 名，承担国家级以及市局级科研项目多项，承担多中心临床研究多项。2019年，获得科技部国家重点研发计划“干细胞及转化研究”重点专项课题。 血液科设有门诊（包括血液专家门诊、特需门诊、专病门诊）、骨髓移植层流病房、普通病房。 血液科负责人包括 ：行政主任宋献民，北部行政副主任童茵，南部执行主任万理萍。    Department of Hematology 1. Introduction Department of Hematology     The Department of Hematology was founded in 1985 and is one of the key disciplines of the hospital. The first chief of the department was Dr. Zhu Zhou and the present chief is Dr. Xianmin Song. Over the past decades, the department has developed into one of the largest centers of hematology in Shanghai with total 131 beds, which include 42 laminal air flow rooms for hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Over 800 cases of HSCT had been performed for the treatment of hematological disorders and solid tumors in the center since 1992. Currently, the department has 21 physicians,4 researchers ,10 excellent young physicians in the department were sent abroad in the past several years, such as the United States, Japan, Germany and Australia for further training in basic research and clinical practice.   In recent years, a comprehensive treatment system has been established for autologous HSCT, allogeneic HLA matched related and unrelated HSCT, umbilical cord blood HSCT and haplo-identical HSCT. As one designated hematopoietic stem cell harvesting hospital of China Marrow Donor Program, more than 200 healthy donors had successfully donated their peripheral blood stem cell in the center. The department takes the leading position in both the transplant case number and the long term outcomes in Shanghai. In 2019, the number of HSCT ranks first in Shanghai. In addition, as a teaching hospital of Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Nanjing Medical College, there are teaching programs for undergraduates and graduates. More than 20 students received postgraduate training in the department, including 9 students for doctor degree and 13 for master degree. Eight national and municipal research programs had been completed and 43 articles had been published in peer-reviewed journals in the past 5 years. In 2008, due to the achievements in research on donor chimerism and hematopoietic reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplant, the department won the third prize of “Shanghai Medical Science and Technology Awards”.  In 2016, the transplant team won the second prize of “Scientific and Technological Advancement Award of Ministry of Education” for achievements in salvage treatment of refractory and relapsed hematological malignancies with allogeneic HSCT.  In 2019,undertook the key special topic of "Stem Cell and Transformation Research" of the National Endpoint R & D Program. At present, the director of the department is Dr. Xianmin Song, the vice director is Dr. Ying Tong, the executive director of the south branch is Dr. Liping Wan.   2 Diagnosis and Treatment Characteristics Clinical Features The hematologic diseases treated in the hospital includes: leukemia, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, severe aplastic anemia, myelofibrosis, etc. In 1992, the first autologous stem cell transplant was performed, and in 1997, the first allogenic stem cell transplant was performed in the department. In 1999, a patient with severe aplastic anemia and pyocyanic septicemia was successfully treated by allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation, which provided a totally new option for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia in China. In 2000, a 10-year-old girl with severe aplastic anemia was successfully treated with allogenic umbilical cord blood stem cells transplant, which was the first case report in China.     In 2002, the first tandem transplant for multiple myeloma in China was performed in the department, i.e. autologous transplant followed by non-myeloablative allogenic transplant, the patient has been in disease free until now. In 2010, the collaboration with Fudan University affiliated Shanghai Tumor Hospital for the treatment of refractory lymphoma was established, many patients with refractory and relapsed lymphoma in Shanghai Tumor Hospital were referred to the department of hematology for autologous or allogeneic transplant. In recent years, several national wide multicenter randomized clinical trials on acute myelogenous leukemia, severe aplastic anemia, and aggressive T cell lymphoma were carried out, etc. In 2013, a national wide multicenter randomized prospective clinical trial on prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation were fulfilled, the original article was published on Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2015. Successful treatment starts with an accurate diagnosis. Laboratory technicians are specially trained to recognize different hematological disorders by bone marrow smear, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, fusion gene by PCR and FISH, and pathology of bone marrow and lymph nodes. Further, next generation sequencing help doctors give patients precise diagnosis and treatment. In addition, for chimerism analysis, short tandem repeats (STR) by PCR and XY chromosome by FISH based on flow cytometry cell sorting technique greatly improved recipients’ survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.